Introduction to Computing: Explorations in Language, Logic, and Machines

In the past hundred years, computer science has changed the world more than any other field. Without computer science, humans would not have walked on the Moon, modern medicine would not exist, and Wal-Mart would be a small store in Arkansas. But this book is not just about the pragmatic impact of computer science; it is about how computer science changes the way we think and how we solve problems.

This book is a survey introduction to the most important ideas in computing. It focuses on how to describe information processes by defining procedures, how to analyze the costs required to carry out a procedure, and the fundamental limits of what can and cannot be computed mechanically.

Computer science is the study of information processes. Computer scientists study how to describe, predict properties of, and efficiently implement information processes. When confronted with a problem, computer scientists do not just attempt to solve it. Instead, they think about a problem as a mapping between its inputs and desired outputs, develop a systematic sequence of steps for solving the problem for any possible input, and consider how the number of steps required to solve the problem scales as the input size increases. Thinking about problems this way has practical value since it leads to programs computers can execute to solve problems remarkably quickly, but also impacts the way we think about defining and solving problems regardless of whether or not a computer is involved.

Title Introduction to Computing: Explorations in Language, Logic, and Machines
Authors David Evans
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (August 15, 2011)
Paperback: 266 pages
eBook: HTML, PDF (266 pages, 4.1 MB), and PDF files
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1463687478
ISBN-13: 978-1463687472
Download: http://www.computingbook.org/

Applicative Computing: Its Quarks, Atoms and Molecules

Applicative computing systems, or ACS are the systems of object calculi founded on combinatory logic and lambda calculus.[1] The only essential notion which is under consideration in these systems is the representation of object. In combinatory logic the only metaoperator is application in a sense of applying one object to other. In lambda calculus two metaoperators are used: application – the same as in combinatory logic, and functional abstraction which binds the only variable in one object.

This work covers the advanced topics in main ideas of computing in general. This material is approved in practice of NRNU MEPhI, MIPT and several other educational centers of the Russian Federation.

Its 1st part represents an outlook of computations, which is achieved by adoption of the atomic doctrine for specified reference system of primary objects. The main attention is given to finding-out of technological features of computations with objects. Their interaction is considered in applicative environment that allows finding out internal structure of usual operations which knowledge allows understanding their properties. The choice of initial constant entities, considered as primary and referred as combinators is discussed. These initial entities are used as the basic `building blocks’, entering in applicative environment in interaction with each other. This interaction results in the constructs, giving representative sets of usual operators and to the embedded computing systems.

The 2nd part gives some supply of environments for educational and methodical complex of corresponding discipline (EMCD). This material is suitable both for advanced learners and beginners in Computing and Information Technologies as well as in Discrete Mathematics (DM) and Fundamental Basics of Information Technologies (FBIT). It helps for developing the intuition sufficient for successful navigation across the dramatically changing world of innovative information processes which occurs both in nature and technology. Material is especially useful for the instructor, postgraduate and graduate students of IT-specialties and is suitable for the system of training and advancing the qualification of specialists.

Title Applicative Computing: Its Quarks, Atoms and Molecules
Authors V. E. Wolfengage
Publisher: JurInfoR (2010)
Hardcover: 672 pages
eBook: HTML, PDF (5.1 MB), ePub, Kindle, Daisy, DjVu, etc.
Language: English
ISBN-10: 5891581779
ISBN-13: 978-5891581777
Download: https://archive.org/details/ApplicativeComputing.ItsQuarksAtomsAndMolecules

Introduction to Soft Computing

This book gives an introduction to Soft Computing, which aims to exploit tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, approximate reasoning, and partial truth in order to achieve close resemblance with human like decision making. Soft Computing is a new multidisciplinary field, to construct new generation of Artificial Intelligence, known as Computational Intelligence.

Title Introduction to Soft Computing
Authors Eva Volna
Publisher: Bookboon (2013)
Hardcover: N/A
eBook: PDF (137 pages, 11.1 MB)
Language: English
ISBN-10: N/A
ISBN-13: 978-8740303919
Download: http://bookboon.com/en/introduction-to-soft-computing-ebook